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01. NVIC 相关函数
相关头文件: misc.h
1.1 NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig 函数
/**
* @brief Configures the priority grouping: pre-emption priority and subpriority.
* @param NVIC_PriorityGroup: specifies the priority grouping bits length.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_0: 0 bits for pre-emption priority
* 4 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_1: 1 bits for pre-emption priority
* 3 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_2: 2 bits for pre-emption priority
* 2 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_3: 3 bits for pre-emption priority
* 1 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_4: 4 bits for pre-emption priority
* 0 bits for subpriority
* @retval None
*/
void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup);
功能:
设置优先级分组：先占优先级和从优先级
参数:
NVIC_PriorityGroup：优先级分组位长度
返回值:
无
1.2 NVIC_PriorityGroup 类型
/** @defgroup Preemption_Priority_Group
* @{
*/
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 ((uint32_t)0x700) /*!< 0 bits for pre-emption priority
4 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_1 ((uint32_t)0x600) /*!< 1 bits for pre-emption priority
3 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 ((uint32_t)0x500) /*!< 2 bits for pre-emption priority
2 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_3 ((uint32_t)0x400) /*!< 3 bits for pre-emption priority
1 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_4 ((uint32_t)0x300) /*!< 4 bits for pre-emption priority
0 bits for subpriority */
1.3 NVIC_Init 函数
/**
* @brief Initializes the NVIC peripheral according to the specified
* parameters in the NVIC_InitStruct.
* @param NVIC_InitStruct: pointer to a NVIC_InitTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified NVIC peripheral.
* @retval None
*/
void NVIC_Init(NVIC_InitTypeDef* NVIC_InitStruct)
功能:
根据 NVIC_InitStruct 中指定的参数初始化外设 NVIC 寄存器
参数:
NVIC_InitStruct：指向结构 NVIC_InitTypeDef 的指针，包含了外设 GPIO 的配置信息
返回值:
无
1.4 NVIC_InitTypeDef 类型
typedef struct
{
uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannel; //指定要启用或禁用的IRQ通道
uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority;//指定的IRQ通道的抢占优先级
uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority; //指定的IRQ通道的次级优先级
FunctionalState NVIC_IRQChannelCmd; //IRQ通道是启用还是禁用
} NVIC_InitTypeDef;
NVIC_IRQChannel 取值
#ifdef STM32F10X_MD
ADC1_2_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 and ADC2 global Interrupt */
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< USB Device High Priority or CAN1 TX Interrupts */
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< USB Device Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 Interrupts */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break Interrupt */
TIM1_UP_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
USBWakeUp_IRQn = 42 /*!< USB Device WakeUp from suspend through EXTI Line Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_MD */
成员 NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority 可赋的值：最大取值 15，具体有上面设置的优先级组中规定的位数决定
成员 NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority 可赋的值：最大取值 15，具体有上面设置的优先级组中规定的位数决定
成员 NVIC_IRQChannelCmd 可赋的值：ENABLE or DISABLE
02. 外部中断相关 API
2.1 GPIO_EXTILineConfig
void GPIO_EXTILineConfig(uint8_t GPIO_PortSource, uint8_t GPIO_PinSource);
功能:
选择 GPIO 管脚用作外部中断线路
参数:
GPIO_PortSource: 选择用作外部中断线源的 GPIO 端口
GPIO_PinSource：待设置的外部中断线路
返回值:
无
参数：GPIO_PortSource 选择用于 EXTI 线的 GPIO 端口
/** @defgroup GPIO_Port_Sources
* @{
*/
#define GPIO_PortSourceGPIOA ((uint8_t)0x00)
#define GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB ((uint8_t)0x01)
#define GPIO_PortSourceGPIOC ((uint8_t)0x02)
#define GPIO_PortSourceGPIOD ((uint8_t)0x03)
#define GPIO_PortSourceGPIOE ((uint8_t)0x04)
#define GPIO_PortSourceGPIOF ((uint8_t)0x05)
#define GPIO_PortSourceGPIOG ((uint8_t)0x06)
参数：GPIO_PortSource 选择用于 EXTI 线的 GPIO 端口
/** @defgroup GPIO_Pin_sources
* @{
*/
#define GPIO_PinSource0 ((uint8_t)0x00)
#define GPIO_PinSource1 ((uint8_t)0x01)
#define GPIO_PinSource2 ((uint8_t)0x02)
#define GPIO_PinSource3 ((uint8_t)0x03)
#define GPIO_PinSource4 ((uint8_t)0x04)
#define GPIO_PinSource5 ((uint8_t)0x05)
#define GPIO_PinSource6 ((uint8_t)0x06)
#define GPIO_PinSource7 ((uint8_t)0x07)
#define GPIO_PinSource8 ((uint8_t)0x08)
#define GPIO_PinSource9 ((uint8_t)0x09)
#define GPIO_PinSource10 ((uint8_t)0x0A)
#define GPIO_PinSource11 ((uint8_t)0x0B)
#define GPIO_PinSource12 ((uint8_t)0x0C)
#define GPIO_PinSource13 ((uint8_t)0x0D)
#define GPIO_PinSource14 ((uint8_t)0x0E)
#define GPIO_PinSource15 ((uint8_t)0x0F)
2.2 EXTI_Init
void EXTI_Init(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);
功能:
根据 EXTI_InitStruct 中指定的参数初始化外设 EXTI 寄存器
参数:
EXTI_InitStruct：指向结构 EXTI_InitTypeDef 的指针，包含了外设 EXTI 的配置信息
返回值:
无
EXTI_InitTypeDef 类型
typedef struct
{
uint32_t EXTI_Line; //中断线
EXTIMode_TypeDef EXTI_Mode; //中断模式
EXTITrigger_TypeDef EXTI_Trigger; //中断触发方式
FunctionalState EXTI_LineCmd; //中断功能使能
}EXTI_InitTypeDef;
EXTI_Line
/** @defgroup EXTI_Lines
* @{
*/
#define EXTI_Line0 ((uint32_t)0x00001) /*!< External interrupt line 0 */
#define EXTI_Line1 ((uint32_t)0x00002) /*!< External interrupt line 1 */
#define EXTI_Line2 ((uint32_t)0x00004) /*!< External interrupt line 2 */
#define EXTI_Line3 ((uint32_t)0x00008) /*!< External interrupt line 3 */
#define EXTI_Line4 ((uint32_t)0x00010) /*!< External interrupt line 4 */
#define EXTI_Line5 ((uint32_t)0x00020) /*!< External interrupt line 5 */
#define EXTI_Line6 ((uint32_t)0x00040) /*!< External interrupt line 6 */
#define EXTI_Line7 ((uint32_t)0x00080) /*!< External interrupt line 7 */
#define EXTI_Line8 ((uint32_t)0x00100) /*!< External interrupt line 8 */
#define EXTI_Line9 ((uint32_t)0x00200) /*!< External interrupt line 9 */
#define EXTI_Line10 ((uint32_t)0x00400) /*!< External interrupt line 10 */
#define EXTI_Line11 ((uint32_t)0x00800) /*!< External interrupt line 11 */
#define EXTI_Line12 ((uint32_t)0x01000) /*!< External interrupt line 12 */
#define EXTI_Line13 ((uint32_t)0x02000) /*!< External interrupt line 13 */
#define EXTI_Line14 ((uint32_t)0x04000) /*!< External interrupt line 14 */
#define EXTI_Line15 ((uint32_t)0x08000) /*!< External interrupt line 15 */
#define EXTI_Line16 ((uint32_t)0x10000) /*!< External interrupt line 16 Connected to the PVD Output */
#define EXTI_Line17 ((uint32_t)0x20000) /*!< External interrupt line 17 Connected to the RTC Alarm event */
#define EXTI_Line18 ((uint32_t)0x40000) /*!< External interrupt line 18 Connected to the USB Device/USB OTG FS
Wakeup from suspend event */
#define EXTI_Line19 ((uint32_t)0x80000) /*!< External interrupt line 19 Connected to the Ethernet Wakeup event */
成员 EXTI_Mode 可赋的值：（中断模式）
typedef enum
{
EXTI_Mode_Interrupt = 0x00,//中断
EXTI_Mode_Event = 0x04 //事件
}EXTIMode_TypeDef;
成员 EXTI_Trigger 可赋的值（中断）
typedef enum
{
EXTI_Trigger_Rising = 0x08, //上升沿触发
EXTI_Trigger_Falling = 0x0C, //下降沿触发
EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling = 0x10 //双边延触发
}EXTITrigger_TypeDef;
成员 EXTI_LineCmd 可赋的值： ENABLE or DISABLE
2.3 EXTI_GetITStatus
/**
* @brief Checks whether the specified EXTI line is asserted or not.
* @param EXTI_Line: specifies the EXTI line to check.
* This parameter can be:
* @arg EXTI_Linex: External interrupt line x where x(0..19)
* @retval The new state of EXTI_Line (SET or RESET).
*/
ITStatus EXTI_GetITStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line)
功能:
检查指定的 EXTI 线路触发请求发生与否
参数:
EXTI_Line：待检查 EXTI 线路的挂起位
返回值:
EXTI_Line 的新状态（SET 或者 RESET）
2.4 EXTI_ClearITPendingBit
/**
* @brief Clears the EXTI's line pending bits.
* @param EXTI_Line: specifies the EXTI lines to clear.
* This parameter can be any combination of EXTI_Linex where x can be (0..19).
* @retval None
*/
void EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t EXTI_Line)
功能:
清除 EXTI 线路挂起位
参数:
EXTI_Line：待清除 EXTI 线路的挂起位
返回值:
无
2.5 中断回调函数
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
常用的中断服务函数格式为：
void EXTI3_IRQHandler(void)
{
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line3)!=RESET)//判断某个线上的中断是否发生
{
//中断逻辑…
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line3); //清除 LINE 上的中断标志位
}
}
03. 对射式红外传感器计次接线图
![图片[1]-STM32 学习笔记12 – 对射式红外传感器计次 旋转编码器计次-爱写代码的小医生](https://img.drcodes.cn/oss/2025/06/12/684a43016fbaa.webp)
04. 对射式红外传感器计次程序示例
CountSensor.h
#ifndef __COUNT_SENSOR_H__
#define __COUNT_SENSOR_H__
#include "stm32f10x.h"
void count_sensor_init(void);
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void);
#endif /*__COUNT_SENSOR_H__*/
CountSensor.c
#include "CountSensor.h"
uint16_t CountSensor_Count = 0;
//初始化
void count_sensor_init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStruct;
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStruct;
//使能时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
//初始化GPIO
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU ;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
//初始化外部中断线
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);
//初始化外部中断
EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;
EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE ;
EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStruct);
//初始化NVIC
NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE ;
NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStruct);
}
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void)
{
return CountSensor_Count;
}
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) == SET)
{
/*如果出现数据乱跳的现象，可再次判断引脚电平，以避免抖动*/
if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_14) == 0)
{
CountSensor_Count ++;
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14);
}
}
main.c
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "CountSensor.h"
int main(void)
{
//初始化
OLED_Init();
OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "Count:");
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
count_sensor_init();
while(1)
{
OLED_ShowNum(1 , 7, CountSensor_Get(), 5);
}
return 0;
}
05. 旋转编码器计次接线图
![图片[2]-STM32 学习笔记12 – 对射式红外传感器计次 旋转编码器计次-爱写代码的小医生](https://img.drcodes.cn/oss/2025/06/12/684a430228334.webp)
【其它】
![图片[3]-STM32 学习笔记12 – 对射式红外传感器计次 旋转编码器计次-爱写代码的小医生](https://img.drcodes.cn/oss/2025/06/12/684a43029e981.webp)
06. 旋转编码器计次程序示例
encode.h
#ifndef __ENCODE_H__
#define __ENCODE_H__
#include "stm32f10x.h"
void Encoder_Init(void);
int16_t Encoder_Get(void);
#endif /*__ENCODE_H__*/
encode.c
#include "encode.h"
int16_t Encoder_Count;
void Encoder_Init(void)
{
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource0);
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource1);
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line0 | EXTI_Line1;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI0_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 2;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}
int16_t Encoder_Get(void)
{
int16_t Temp;
Temp = Encoder_Count;
Encoder_Count = 0;
return Temp;
}
void EXTI0_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line0) == SET)
{
/*如果出现数据乱跳的现象，可再次判断引脚电平，以避免抖动*/
if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_0) == 0)
{
if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_1) == 0)
{
Encoder_Count --;
}
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line0);
}
}
void EXTI1_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line1) == SET)
{
/*如果出现数据乱跳的现象，可再次判断引脚电平，以避免抖动*/
if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_1) == 0)
{
if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_0) == 0)
{
Encoder_Count ++;
}
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line1);
}
}
main.c
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "CountSensor.h"
#include "encode.h"
int16_t Num;
int main(void)
{
//初始化
OLED_Init();
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
Encoder_Init();
OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "Num:");
while (1)
{
Num += Encoder_Get();
OLED_ShowSignedNum(1, 5, Num, 5);
}
return 0;
}
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